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git log 常用参数及 .gitconfig 配置

• git log 常用参数及 .gitconfig 配置
  • 干货，执行下边命令，添加别名
  • git log 参数
  • 参考资料

干货，执行下边命令，添加别名

• 注意，需要将 knowledgebao 修改为自己的名字，根据自己需要添加，常用的别名有：st ll lg lga lgb
• 执行下边语句，添加各种快捷键，执行 git lm, git lms, git ls, git lsm … 等试试效果吧

git config --global alias.co "checkout"
git config --global alias.ck "checkout --track -b" # checkout and tracked
git config --global alias.ci "commit"
git config --global alias.cl "clean -x -d -f"  # force clean and remove ignored files.
git config --global alias.st "status"
git config --global alias.sst "status --ignore-submodules=all"
git config --global alias.pl "pull"
git config --global alias.ps "push"
git config --global alias.lb "remote show origin"  # list branch
git config --global alias.li "status --short --porcelain --ignored"  # list ignored
git config --global alias.lo "ls-files -o '--exclude=build/*' '--exclude=.vscode/*'"  # list others
git config --global alias.cp "cherry-pick"
git config --global alias.ca "commit -a"
git config --global alias.br "branch"
git config --global alias.df "diff --ignore-cr-at-eol --ignore-space-at-eol"
git config --global alias.dc "diff --cached --ignore-cr-at-eol --ignore-space-at-eol"
git config --global alias.m "merge"
git config --global alias.dt "difftool"
git config --global alias.mt "mergetool"
git config --global alias.desc "describe --tags --long"# 通过 git lm 查看自己的修改记录,关键字 --author --abbrev-commit
git config --global alias.lm "log --no-merges --color --author='knowledgebao' --date=format:'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' --pretty=format:'%Cred%h%Creset -%C(yellow)%d%Cblue %s %Cgreen(%cd) %C(bold blue)<%an>%Creset' --abbrev-commit"# 通过 git lms 查看自己的修改记录, 同步显示被修改的文件，关键字 --stat --author --abbrev-commit
git config --global alias.lms "log --no-merges --color --stat --author='knowledgebao' --date=format:'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' --pretty=format:'%Cred%h%Creset -%C(yellow)%d%Cblue %s %Cgreen(%cd) %C(bold blue)<%an>%Creset' --abbrev-commit"# 通过 git ls 查看所有的修改记录，关键字 --graph --abbrev-commit
git config --global alias.ls "log --no-merges --color --graph --date=format:'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' --pretty=format:'%Cred%h%Creset -%C(yellow)%d%Cblue %s %Cgreen(%cd) %C(bold blue)<%an>%Creset' --abbrev-commit"# 通过 git lss 查看所有的修改记录,同步显示被修改的文件，关键字 --stat --graph --abbrev-commit
git config --global alias.lss "log --no-merges --color --stat --graph --date=format:'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' --pretty=format:'%Cred%h%Creset -%C(yellow)%d%Cblue %s %Cgreen(%cd) %C(bold blue)<%an>%Creset' --abbrev-commit"# 通过 git ll  关键字 --first-parent
git config --global alias.ll "log --graph --oneline --abbrev-commit --decorate --first-parent --pretty='tformat:%ai %C(auto) %h %d %s %Cblue<%an %ar>'"# 通过 git lg  关键字 --branches
git config --global alias.lg "log --graph --oneline --abbrev-commit --decorate --branches --pretty='format:%C(auto) %h %d %s %Cblue<%an %ar>'"# 通过 git lga  关键字 --all
git config --global alias.lga "log --graph --oneline --abbrev-commit --decorate --all --pretty='format:%C(auto) %h %d %s %Cblue<%an %ar>'"# 通过 git lgb  关键字 --all --simplify-by-decoration
git config --global alias.lgb "log --graph --oneline --abbrev-commit --decorate --all --simplify-by-decoration --pretty='format:%C(auto) %h %d %s %Cblue<%an %ar>'"

执行后 ~/gitconfig 文件内容增加了下边内容

[alias]co = checkoutck = checkout --track -bci = commitcl = clean -x -d -fst = statussst = status --ignore-submodules=allpl = pullps = pushlb = remote show originli = status --short --porcelain --ignoredlo = ls-files -o '--exclude=build/*' '--exclude=.vscode/*'cp = cherry-pickca = commit -abr = branchdf = diff --ignore-cr-at-eol --ignore-space-at-eoldc = diff --cached --ignore-cr-at-eol --ignore-space-at-eolm = mergedt = difftoolmt = mergetooldesc = describe --tags --longlm = log --no-merges --color --author='knowledgebao' --date=format:'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' --pretty=format:'%Cred%h%Creset -%C(yellow)%d%Cblue %s %Cgreen(%cd) %C(bold blue)<%an>%Creset' --abbrev-commitlms = log --no-merges --color --stat --author='knowledgebao' --date=format:'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' --pretty=format:'%Cred%h%Creset -%C(yellow)%d%Cblue %s %Cgreen(%cd) %C(bold blue)<%an>%Creset' --abbrev-commitls = log --no-merges --color --graph --date=format:'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' --pretty=format:'%Cred%h%Creset -%C(yellow)%d%Cblue %s %Cgreen(%cd) %C(bold blue)<%an>%Creset' --abbrev-commitlss = log --no-merges --color --stat --graph --date=format:'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' --pretty=format:'%Cred%h%Creset -%C(yellow)%d%Cblue %s %Cgreen(%cd) %C(bold blue)<%an>%Creset' --abbrev-commitll = log --graph --oneline --abbrev-commit --decorate --first-parent --pretty='tformat:%ai %C(auto) %h %d %s %Cblue<%an %ar>'lg = log --graph --oneline --abbrev-commit --decorate --branches --pretty='format:%C(auto) %h %d %s %Cblue<%an %ar>'lga = log --graph --oneline --abbrev-commit --decorate --all --pretty='format:%C(auto) %h %d %s %Cblue<%an %ar>'lgb = log --graph --oneline --abbrev-commit --decorate --all --simplify-by-decoration --pretty='format:%C(auto) %h %d %s %Cblue<%an %ar>'

git log 参数

git log --help 查看,1700多行帮助

       --follow--no-decorate, --decorate[=short|full|auto|no]--decorate-refs=<pattern>, --decorate-refs-exclude=<pattern>--source--[no-]use-mailmap--full-diff--log-size--summary, --name-only, --name-status, --check) are not currently implemented.--grep=<pattern> further limits to commits whose log message has a line that matches <pattern>), unless otherwise noted.--skip=<number>--since=<date>, --after=<date>--until=<date>, --before=<date>--author=<pattern>, --committer=<pattern>--author=<pattern>, commits whose author matches any of the given patterns are chosen (similarly for multiple --committer=<pattern>).--grep-reflog=<pattern>--grep=<pattern>--grep=<pattern>, commits whose message matches any of the given patterns are chosen (but see --all-match).--all-match--invert-grep--basic-regexp--remove-empty--merges--no-merges--min-parents=<number>, --max-parents=<number>, --no-min-parents, --no-max-parents--min-parents=2 is the same as --merges.  --max-parents=0 gives all root commits and --min-parents=3 all octopus merges.--no-min-parents and --no-max-parents reset these limits (to no limit) again. Equivalent forms are --min-parents=0 (any commit has 0 or more--first-parent--not--all--branches[=<pattern>]--tags[=<pattern>]--remotes[=<pattern>]--glob=<glob-pattern>--exclude=<glob-pattern>--reflog--alternate-refs--single-worktree--ignore-missing--bisect--stdin--cherry-mark--cherry-pick--left-only, --right-only--cherry--merge--boundary--simplify-by-decoration--full-history--dense--sparse--simplify-merges--ancestry-path--full-history without parent rewriting--full-history with parent rewriting--dense--sparse--simplify-merges--ancestry-path--date-order--author-date-order--topo-order---1----2----4----7--reverse--no-walk[=(sorted|unsorted)]--do-walk--pretty[=<format>], --format=<format>--pretty=tformat:<format> were given.--abbrev-commit--no-abbrev-commit--oneline--encoding=<encoding>--expand-tabs=<n>, --expand-tabs, --no-expand-tabs--expand-tabs=0, which disables tab expansion.--notes[=<ref>]--no-notes--show-notes[=<ref>], --[no-]standard-notes--show-signature--relative-date--date=<format>--date=relative shows dates relative to the current time, e.g. “2 hours ago”. The -local option has no effect for --date=relative.--date=local is an alias for --date=default-local.--date=iso (or --date=iso8601) shows timestamps in a ISO 8601-like format. The differences to the strict ISO 8601 format are:--date=iso-strict (or --date=iso8601-strict) shows timestamps in strict ISO 8601 format.--date=rfc (or --date=rfc2822) shows timestamps in RFC 2822 format, often found in email messages.--date=short shows only the date, but not the time, in YYYY-MM-DD format.--date=raw shows the date as seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC), followed by a space, and then the timezone as an offset from--date=human shows the timezone if the timezone does not match the current time-zone, and doesn’t print the whole date if that matches (ie--date=unix shows the date as a Unix epoch timestamp (seconds since 1970). As with --raw, this is always in UTC and therefore -local has no--date=format:...  feeds the format ...  to your system strftime, except for %z and %Z, which are handled internally. Use --date=format:%c to--date=default is the default format, and is similar to --date=rfc2822, with a few exceptions:--parents--children--left-right--graph--show-linear-break[=<barrier>]--cc--combined-all-paths--cc are specified, and is likely only useful if filename changes are detected (i.e. when either rename or copy detection have been--raw. To get full object names in a raw diff format, use --no-abbrev.--output=<file>--output-indicator-new=<char>, --output-indicator-old=<char>, --output-indicator-context=<char>--raw--patch-with-raw--indent-heuristic--no-indent-heuristic--minimal--patience--histogram--anchored=<text>--diff-algorithm={patience|minimal|histogram|myers}--diff-algorithm=default option.--stat[=<width>[,<name-width>[,<count>]]]--stat-graph-width=<width> (affects all commands generating a stat graph) or by setting diff.statGraphWidth=<width> (does not affect git--compact-summary--numstat--shortstat--cumulative--dirstat-by-file[=<param1,param2>...]--summary--patch-with-stat--name-only--name-status--submodule[=<format>]--color[=<when>]--no-color--color-moved[=<mode>]--no-color-moved--color-moved-ws=<modes>--no-color-moved-ws--color-moved-ws=no.--word-diff[=<mode>]--word-diff-regex=<regex>--color-words[=<regex>]--no-renames--[no-]rename-empty--check--ws-error-highlight=<kind>--full-index--binary--abbrev[=<n>]--find-copies-harder--diff-filter=[(A|C|D|M|R|T|U|X|B)...[*]]--find-object=<object-id>--pickaxe-all--pickaxe-regex--relative[=<path>]--ignore-cr-at-eol--ignore-space-at-eol--ignore-blank-lines--inter-hunk-context=<lines>--ext-diff--no-ext-diff--textconv, --no-textconv--ignore-submodules[=<when>]--src-prefix=<prefix>--dst-prefix=<prefix>--no-prefix--line-prefix=<prefix>--ita-invisible-in-index--ita-visible-in-index. Both options are experimental and could be removed in future.--- a/describe.c--- a/file--- a/file--- a/file--- a/file--notes=<ref> option.

–abbrev-commit 仅显示 SHA-1 的前几个字符，而非所有的 40 个字符。
–stat 显示每次更新的文件修改统计信息
–graph 显示 ASCII 图形表示的分支合并历史。
–no-merges 没有合并的提交信息
–color
–oneline --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit 合用的简写。
–decorate 参数用来显示一些相关的信息，如HEAD、分支名、tag名等
–first-parent 紧当前分支的父分支
–author=‘xxx’ 提交至，使用单引号
–date=format:‘%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S’ 时间格式

–pretty 使用其他格式显示历史提交信息。可用的选项包括 oneline，short，full，fuller 和 format（后跟指定格式）
–pretty=format:‘%C(red)%h%Creset -%C(yellow)%d%C(blue) %s %C(green)(%cd) %C(bold blue)<%an>%C(reset)’
–pretty=format:‘%C(auto) %h %d %s %C(blue)<%an %ar>’
–pretty=format:‘%ai %C(auto) %h %d %s %C(blue)<%an %ar>’

• format:
  • %H 提交对象（commit）的完整哈希字串
  • %h 提交对象的简短哈希字串
  • %T 树对象（tree）的完整哈希字串
  • %t 树对象的简短哈希字串
  • %P 父对象（parent）的完整哈希字串
  • %p 父对象的简短哈希字串
  • %an 作者（author）的名字
  • %ae 作者的电子邮件地址
  • %ad 作者修订日期（可以用 -date= 选项定制格式）
  • %ar 作者修订日期，按多久以前的方式显示
  • %cn 提交者(committer)的名字
  • %ce 提交者的电子邮件地址
  • %cd 提交日期
  • %cr 提交日期，按多久以前的方式显示
  • %s 提交说明
  • %ai author date, ISO 8601-like format

参考资料

• git log命令全解析
• 2.3 Git 基础 - 查看提交历史
• git log命令全解析
• git log 常用命令及技巧