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在vscode中调试，命令行出现错误信息ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘imp’
报错原因
VSCode的python扩展会使用debugpy库实现调试功能。在涉及qt组件加载时，debugpy的qt_loaders.py会尝试加载imp库。而在python3.12及以后的版本中，imp库被importlib取代，因此
import imp语句会报错ModuleNotFoundError。
解决方法
出现问题代码位于qt_loaders.py的has_binding函数定义中：
修改前：
def has_binding(api):
#中间省略import imptry:# importing top level PyQt4/PySide module is ok...mod = __import__(module_name)# ...importing submodules is notimp.find_module('QtCore', mod.__path__)imp.find_module('QtGui', mod.__path__)imp.find_module('QtSvg', mod.__path__)# we can also safely check PySide versionif api == QT_API_PYSIDE:return check_version(mod.__version__, '1.0.3')else:return Trueexcept ImportError:return False
对症下药，既然在新版python中imp库不再有效，为了兼容性，先尝试import imp语句，若无法导入imp包，则进入catch分支import importlib，修改代码如下：
def has_binding(api):
#中间省略try:import imp# importing top level PyQt4/PySide module is ok...mod = __import__(module_name)# ...importing submodules is notimp.find_module('QtCore', mod.__path__)imp.find_module('QtGui', mod.__path__)imp.find_module('QtSvg', mod.__path__)# we can also safely check PySide versionif api == QT_API_PYSIDE:return check_version(mod.__version__, '1.0.3')else:return Trueexcept ModuleNotFoundError:from importlib import machinery# importing top level PyQt4/PySide module is ok...mod = __import__(module_name)# ...importing submodules is notloader_details = (machinery.ExtensionFileLoader, machinery.EXTENSION_SUFFIXES)submod_finder = machinery.FileFinder(mod.__path__[0], loader_details)submod_check = (submod_finder.find_spec("QtCore") is not Noneand submod_finder.find_spec("QtGui") is not Noneand submod_finder.find_spec("QtSvg") is not None)# we can also safely check PySide versionif api == QT_API_PYSIDE:return check_version(mod.__version__, '1.0.3') and submod_checkelse:return submod_checkexcept ImportError:return False
可能有的同学会问，qt_loaders.py在哪里？——它的路径在报错信息中已经给出。例如：
C:\Users\XXX.vscode\extensions\ms-python.python-2024.2.1\pythonFiles\lib\python\debugpy_vendored\pydevd\pydev_ipython\qt_loaders.py", line 115, in has_binding
import imp
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘imp’
Backend QtAgg is interactive backend. Turning interactive mode on.